Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Essay -- Health Care

Social Problem The Problem our approach is planned to address is the absence of moderate medical coverage just as the absence of reasonable medical coverage to people with prior wellbeing conditions. The Extent of the social issue ranges to quantities of people and populaces in the United States. Living without medical coverage are more than 50 million individuals in the United States, which is generally proportionate to 16.7% of the populace, or one of every six U.S. occupants (Wolf, 2010). Characterizing this as an issue are those generally influenced by the detachment hindrance which incorporates illicit outsiders, the old, and those people incapable to achieve protection inclusion because of a prior ailment. Who opposes this idea? The Related Social Values relating to this social issue surely focus on the pride and worth of the individual. Openness to medicinal services by means of moderate health care coverage would be viewed as in excess of a common right however in reality a matter of human rights. This issue likewise contacts one of the key American social qualities, which is social duty. The worth is self-engaging and is contradicted by the contending American social estimation of Individualism. As far as social qualities as they identify with social work and the suggestion identifying with the calling, the NASW, the National Association of Social Workers, plots Social Workers’ moral duties to that of more extensive society (Social Work Search, 2003). The Competing Social Values would incorporate the restricting key American social estimations of Individualism and Self-care whereby the attention would be on private enthusiasm rather than open reason. This contending esteem is noteworthy in light of the fact that in the midst of private intrigue, obtaining of fundamental human needs w... ...r, Henry J. Family Foundation. (2011, April 22). Re: Health Reform Implementation Timeline [website]. Recovered from http://healthreform.kff.org/timeline.aspx Segal, E. An., and Brzuzy, S. (1998). Social qualities and patterns of history. In Brieland, D., Social welfare strategy, projects, and practice (p. 43). USA: Peacock Publishers. Social Work Search. (2011, April 22). Re: NASW code of morals [Website] Retrieved from http://www.socialworksearch.com/html/nasw.shtml#SOCIETY Trumbull, M. (2010, March 23). Obama signs medicinal services charge: who won’t be secured. Christian Science Monitor. Recovered from http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2010/0323/Obama- signs-human services charge Who-won-t-be-secured Wolf, R. (2010, September 17). Number of uninsured Americans ascends to 50.7 million. USA TODAY. Recovered from http://www.usatoday.com/news/country/2010-09-17- uninsured17_ST_N.htm

Amnesty International free essay sample

Pardon International is a worldwide development of in excess of 3 million supporters, individuals and activists in more than 150 nations. They work with and for one another to shield human rights. They accept that human rights manhandles anyplace are the worry of individuals all over the place. Amnesty’s individuals are the foundation of these endeavors. They take up human rights issues through letter-composing, on the web and disconnected battling, exhibitions, vigils and direct campaigning of those with force and influence.UNITED AGAINST INJUSTICE Together we crusade to: * guard opportunity of articulation * ensure women’s rights * abrogate capital punishment * request equity for wrongdoings against mankind * request corporate responsibility where organizations have mishandled people’s right INDEPENDENT AND DEMOCRATIC Amnesty International is: * free of any legislature, political belief system, monetary intrigue or religion * monetarily self-sufficient, and are financed for the most part by enrollment and open gifts history Ignition for a development: 8 May 1961, Amnesty International started wit h one man’s shock and his mental fortitude to take care of business. We will compose a custom article test on Absolution International or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the wake of learning of two Portuguese understudies detained for raising a toast to opportunity, British legal counselor Peter Benenson distributed an article, â€Å"The Forgotten Prisoners† in the Observer newspaper. That article propelled the â€Å"Appeal for Amnesty 1961†, an overall battle that incited an amazing reaction. Republished in papers over the world, his source of inspiration reverberated with the qualities and desires of individuals all over.

Drama Research Paper free essay sample

The structure of sensational writings, in contrast to different types of writing, is legitimately affected by this cooperative creation and aggregate gathering. Components OF DRAMA * Music/Rhythm: Aristotle the cadence of the on-screen characters voices as they talk. Spectacle:â the visual components that the crowd sees as they watch the play (sets, outfits, enhancements, and so forth ) * Plot: the essential storyline activity that occurs in the play. * Theme: the importance, and principle thought or exercise to be gained from the play. * Characters: the individuals, creatures, or thoughts depicted by the entertainers who move the plot. * Dialogue:â the words composed by the dramatist and spoken by the character which helps move the activity of the play along. Show: the strategies and techniques utilized by the dramatist and chief to make the ideal expressive impact. Class: the sort of play (satire, disaster, riddle, authentic play, and so forth ) * Audience: the gathering of individuals who watch the play considered generally significant by dramatists and entertainers: the entirety of the exertion put in to composing and creating is for the delight in the crowd. We will compose a custom paper test on Dramatization Research Paper or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Sensational SPEECHES: kinds of discourse utilized by writers * Aside: a short remark made by one character that isn't intended to be heard by different characters, addressed the crowd or to another character. Monologue: a more drawn out discourse unheard by different characters in which a character uncovers their actual considerations or emotions, the speaker is distant from everyone else in front of an audience. Monolog: a long, continuous discourse by one character, to which different characters typically tune in. Strife: a characteristic contradiction between the goals of at least two characters or powers that makes pressure and enthusiasm for a story by adding question concerning the result (Man versus Himself, Man versus Man, Man versus Nature. ) STAGE DIRECTION: the exact development and situating of entertainers on a phase so as to encourage the exhibition of a play, expressive dance, movie or show, normally controlled by the executive for the correct sensational impact to guarantee sight lines for the crowd and work with the lighting plan of the scene. Up-stage: The back of the stage; from raked stage, slanting up away from the crowd. Down-stage: the front of the stage. * Stage left (brief) amp; right (knave/inverse brief): the on-screen characters left amp; right confronting the crowd. * House (camera) left amp; right: how the crowd sees the stage. Theater: a cooperative type of artistic work that utilizations live entertainers to introduce the experience of a genuine or envisioned occasion before a live crowd in a particular spot. The entertainers may impart this experience to the crowd through mixes of motion, discourse, melody, music or move. SET: developments demonstrating where the show happens; comprises of all the view, furniture and props the crowd sees at a play creation. It ought to propose the style and tone of the director’s entire creation idea, make mind-set and environment, give hints concerning the particular time and spot of the activity, and offer imaginative opportunities for the development and gathering of the entertainers. PROPS; property: moveable articles utilized on set, stage, or screen particular from the entertainers, view, ensembles, amp; electrical hardware during an exhibition or screen creation. Portrayal: the workmanship or procedure of passing on data on and making characters for a story. * Direct or unequivocal portrayal: the creator actually mentions to the crowd what a character resembles; through the storyteller, another character, or by the character himself. * Indirect or certain portrayal: the crowd must surmise for themselves what the character resembles through the character’s musings, activities, discourse (selection of words/method of talking), looks, and connection with different characters, including other characters’ responses to that specific individual. Sorts OF DRAMA: Comedy: plays that are light in tone; normally with upbeat endings, to make the crowd giggle; running from sensible stories (humor from genuine circumstances), to unbelievable droll amusingness. Disaster: probably the most seasoned type of show; infrequently have a cheerful completion; in antiquated occasions, frequently a chronicled dramatization including the defeat of an incredible man; in present day theater, has somewhat looser definition including genuine topic and the demise of at least one principle characters. Joke: a sub-class of parody; with enormously misrepresented one-dimensional cliché characters amp; circumstances (mixed up personalities, physical satire, and absurd unexpected developments. ) Melodrama: overstated show; with improved and one-dimensional characters (a legend who must save the courageous woman from the scalawag. ) Musical: the story is told, through discourse and acting, however through music and move; regularly comedic, albeit many do include genuine topic. Most include a huge cast and sumptuous sets and ensembles.

The Critique of Modernity in “Anglosaxon Street” and Obasan - Literature Essay Samples

Earle Birney’s poem â€Å"Anglosaxon Street† and Joy Kogawa’s novel Obasan both present a powerful critique of modern life, though the former is delivered through sarcastic humor while the latter is portrayed through poignant emotions. Modernity in â€Å"Anglosaxon Street† is depicted through paralyzed human passivity and emotional sterility. Against the backdrop of modern spiritual bankruptcy portrayed in â€Å"Anglosaxon Street,† modernity fully exposes its devastating destructiveness in Obasan. Although modernity favors the improvement of human welfare through increasing productivity and efficiency, it also possesses a darker, more sinister aspect behind its outward faà §ade of human progress. The dark side of modernity is reflected through its standardized living in dreary uniformity, the blind deference of its citizens to state authority, the destructive capacity of the state to indoctrinate mass beliefs through the modern communication system , and its people’s psychological vulnerability to the blandishment of modern propaganda. In both texts, the instruments of modernity become notoriously employed for racial persecution and human alienation; in both texts, the modern communication system produces mass hatred through the systematic dissemination of its nefarious propaganda. In response, the modern citizens in both texts behave like robots, unconsciously absorbing the venomous mass propaganda and becoming victimized under modernity’s technological manipulation of feelings, which proves destructive to their individuality and emotional spontaneity. The comparative examination of these two texts helps to produce a comprehensive image of a supposedly progressive modernity that has actually become regressive. The spiritual bankruptcy and human alienation of modern existence is vividly portrayed in the short poetic form of â€Å"Anglosaxon Street,† which delivers a condensed portrait of modernity’s banality, and in the long prose form of Obasan, which fully reveals the destructiveness of modernity through concrete details and poignant emotions. â€Å"Anglosaxon Street† delivers a powerful portrait of modernity’s robotized existence and its spiritual emptiness. Living at the height of modernity in 1942, the people of the poem exist in a standardized life of mundane banality. Its inhabitants are portrayed as uninspiring dwellers of a modern slum, depicted through the unappealing figures of â€Å"flatarched saxonwives† (Birney 115) who are languishing away in a stagnant backwater. Their life is absorbed in the trivial details of a typically monotonous modern existence, which consists of the banal activities of working, eating, entertaining themselves, and sleeping. Every day consists of the same repetition of activities, which begins at sunrise, ends at â€Å"sunslope† (115) and resumes again at the time of â€Å"worldrise† (116). Rather than b ehaving like autonomous individuals capable of independent feelings, its inhabitants resemble mechanical robots who behave like a mere part of the standardized system of modern existence. Such an existence constitutes a perpetual reproduction of the inhabitants’ present identities, which entails little innovation and uniqueness and a near-total absence of individual expression and pursuit. The destructiveness of modern living is such that its inhabitants behave like hypnotized sleepwalkers who unconsciously perform their everyday activities as if living in a state of â€Å"slumber† (116), without much mental reflection and emotional outpouring. Their lethargic movements of â€Å"lop[ing]† (115) and â€Å"skittl[ing]† (115) betray a passive resignation to their poverty without the manifestation of any subversive revolutionary spirit seeking to overthrow the very modern system that inflicts this abject destitution upon them. Its inhabitants betray no feelin gs of bitterness toward their backward social conditions, and instead remain contented through their trivial pleasures of â€Å"beer† (115), â€Å"movies† (115), and rough play, manifesting a total insensitivity to their backward situation as they contentedly take refuge in their â€Å"hotbox[es]† (116). Although the inhabitants of Anglosaxon Street present themselves as productive members of modern society who are active from morning to night, their streamlined modern existence exposes a languid apathy underneath this seeming vibrancy. The slumbering numbness of its people is best reflected in the decaying street itself, which physically rots away amid the decaying â€Å"reeks† (115) of â€Å"cellarrot† (115) and â€Å"catcorpse† (115) that manifests a powerful image of spiritual degradation. The numb insensitivity of its inhabitants makes them incapable of apprehending the psychological destructiveness of their existence. Life on Anglosaxo n Street is not a meaningful teleological process that unfolds toward an ambitious end, but a spectacle of chaotic juxtaposition where everything â€Å"spew[s]† (115) out simultaneously in a â€Å"leprous† (115) condition, from â€Å"leaping† (115) children to rough laborers against the â€Å"shrieking† (115) sounds of â€Å"hydrants† (115) and â€Å"whistle† (115), in a spectacle of great disorientation that betrays modernity’s chaotic existence. Even love itself becomes sterile and emotionally apathetic, as the act of lovemaking becomes a mere act of physical exertion that is performed with â€Å"careless[ness]† (116) and â€Å"haste† (116). The passionate act of kissing becomes likened to the sound of â€Å"caterwaul† (116), which signifies the absence of affection in these traditionally emotional acts. The overwhelming emotional numbness of â€Å"Anglosaxon Street† shows that the standardized modern exi stence has made people spiritually bankrupt and emotionally unresponsive; the once-beneficial feelings of love and compassion have been subsumed by the modern age. The structural form of this poem further satirizes the modern existence. â€Å"Anglosaxon Street† is written in heroic verse (Aichinger 57), which is traditionally reserved for the glorification of heroic deeds (57). By using the heroic poetic form to portray the banality of modern life, Birney seeks to denounce the supposedly progressive modernity that has become regressive. Although modernity is devoted to humanity’s progress, it also possesses a powerful regressive capacity through its ability to inflict a brainwashed numbness upon its people. One of the most regressive potentials of modernity is the capacity of mass indoctrination through modern media. In the poem, the prominent wartime slogans â€Å"there’ll always be an England† (Birney 115) and â€Å"V’s for Victory† (115) reveal the heavy extent of nationalistic indoctrination in society through the modern medium of communication. These state-propagated nationalistic doctrines exert such power that they almost serve as the unifying force to â€Å"weld† (115) together the â€Å"cracks† (115) of chaotic and fragmented modern living. In this way, the indoctrinated nationalism serves almost as a secular religion that provides the community with an overriding sense of purpose. The power of modern communication is most prominent in wartime through its capacity to mass-produce hatred and prejudice through the dissemination of heavily biased propaganda. The spiritual numbness of modernity makes its people even more susceptible to the sinister influence of mass indoctrination, which renders them more vulnerable to the impact of its psychological onslaught. â€Å"Anglosaxon Street† vividly portrays its inhabitants’ narrow-minded mentality that is shaped through modern state indoctri nation. Its people have succumbed to the power of state propaganda and have jumped onto the nationalistic bandwagon without much deliberation or insight. Under the bombardment of patriotic communications, its inhabitants have lost their capacity for independent reasoning and have lapsed into blind prejudice toward the national and racial outsiders in the beings of â€Å"niggers† (115), â€Å"kikes† (115), and the warring â€Å"Huns† (115). They adopt the policy of apartheid through the rigid construction of demarcated boundaries to â€Å"denude† (115) their â€Å"ghetto† (115) of unwanted and undesirable outsiders, forming a â€Å"haven† (115) against such contamination. Their constant swearing of â€Å"hatedeeds† (115) against these outsiders reflects the deformation of their minds under indoctrination, which transforms them into xenophobes frozen in hatred and incapable of the beneficial feelings of compassion and empathy. The abuse of modern communication has made these already emotionally numb inhabitants even more complacent and hollow. The deep social strains depicted in â€Å"Anglosaxon Street† reveal the destructiveness of modernity that is capable of producing this human alienation and disconnection. Birney sarcastically mocks the banality of the indoctrinated modern nationalism by claiming that its grand wartime propaganda slogan â€Å"V’s for Victory† (115), which traditionally symbolizes absolute victory against the nation’s enemies, is only capable of vanquishing the trivial and powerless â€Å"housefly† (115). The critique of modernity in â€Å"Anglosaxon Street† helps to expose modernity’s ultimate destructiveness in Obasan. In the shortness of its form, â€Å"Anglosaxon Street† captures the very essence of modernity’s spiritual bankruptcy, which lays a solid foundation for understanding the novel. Obasan develops upon this condensed p oetic critique and proceeds to reveal modernity’s profound cruelty in the form of long prose, developing in more concrete detail modernity’s true destructiveness. In contrast to the banal modern existence in â€Å"Anglosaxon Street,† where petty nationalistic superiority prevails, the destructive power of modernity reaches its zenith in Obasan through its depiction of vehement nationalism and media indoctrination. â€Å"Anglosaxon Street† and Obasan both take place at the height of WWII, during which the indoctrination of mass propaganda reaches an unprecedented peak in its vehemence. The citizens in Obasan are drowned in a sea of malicious state propaganda, which deliberately sought to disparage and vilify the Japanese-Canadians through its systematic feeding of misinformation. In Obasan, modernity’s communication instruments (such as newspapers and radio stations) are actively employed as the medium to mass-produce antagonistic hatred toward the Japanese-Canadian population, and they have achieved a total success in the brainwashing of its citizens. The incorporation of many primary newspaper clippings and official state reports in the literary structure of Obasan provides its audience with a firsthand impression of the aggressiveness of wartime communication. The modern media becomes an intentional liar that slights truth and circulates deliberate fabrications of facts. It unblushingly disseminates â€Å"outright lies† (Kogawa 79) by accusing the Japanese-Canadians of being â€Å"saboteurs† (78), â€Å"spies† (77) who seek to sabotage the Canadian war effort by acting as fifth columns for Japan; the Japanese-Canadians therefore must be rounded up in the name of national security. The fury of its media is such that it virtually â€Å"scream[s]† (78) at its citizens, which reflects the authority’s ruthless determination to impose its xenophobic doctrines upon its people in its attempt to tu rn them into blind followers of its doctrines. The communication of modern mass media produces a poisonous atmosphere and an â€Å"utter sanity† (78) in a society â€Å"overflowing with hatred† (84) and charged with a social tension that far surpasses even that of Birney’s intolerant Anglosaxon Street. The indoctrination of modern communication whips up such furious rage against the Japanese-Canadians that they are relegated from their honorable status as Canadian citizens into the derogatory ranks of â€Å"enemy aliens† (85) and â€Å"a lower order people† (78), who are then forcefully expulsed from the national community like infectious vermin. Obasan fully reveals the demagogic potentials of modern communication. In Obasan, the destructiveness of modern communication is such that it literally destroys the modern people’s souls by projecting the belief system of the state authority into them in a destructive process of forceful ideological conversion, one that ends in total human alienation. Like the slumbering sleepwalkers of â€Å"Anglosaxon Street,† who have succumbed to modernity’s robotized existence and its forceful ideological indoctrination, the white Canadians in Obasan have also become the robotized and passive adherents of state authority under the vehement influence of its propaganda. Similar to the inhabitants of â€Å"Anglosaxon Street,† the white Canadians in Obasan have been fully hypnotized under the indoctrination of standardized modern nationalism and have become â€Å"ignorant and indifferent† (81) as they have lost their independent reasoning and human compassion. In both texts, the modern citizens act like a mere part of the state organ, possessing little power to unleash the individual expression within them. They unconsciously absorb its vehement propaganda as they succumb to modernity’s technological manipulation of human feelings. The modern communication s ystem reorients their thinking, stifles their best human instincts, and reduces its people into standardized robots who bow toward authority with deference and obedience. Thus, these modern people become shrouded by an overwhelming â€Å"blindness† (82) as they lose their intelligence, reason, and insight (75) to the dictates of the modern state authority. In Obasan, the instruments of modernity are fully employed as the means of a systematic racial persecution. Its communication system is used in the production of racial hatred and intolerance, its transportation system is devoted to racial segregation by transporting the Japanese-Canadians away from the white community, and its police apparatus is used in the outright oppression of these same people. Rather than using the instruments of modernity for humanity’s progress and betterment, modernity in both texts has become associated with human alienation, emotional numbness, and spiritual regression. The white Canadian s in Obasan have themselves become the true victims of modernity’s insensitive numbness and passive uniformity in an even more tragic manner than the emotionally apathetic inhabitants of â€Å"Anglosaxon Street.†In the face of this grim image of modernity, it is important for people to counteract some of modernity’s destructive power. Aunt Emily in Obasan is someone who refuses to become modernity’s victim and turns modernity against itself through the positive use of modernity’s communication system. In an attempt to counteract the venomous dissemination of state propaganda, Emily produces and disseminates her own writings and reports through the same modern communication system in an effort to expose the brutality of official racism during WWII and the unshakable loyalty of Japanese-Canadians (41). In this way, Emily seeks to counteract â€Å"the power of print† (37) by challenging the brutality of the hegemonic discourse. She seeks to awa ken people’s consciences and empathy, both of which have been numbed by their robotized modern existence. Emily uses the modern instrument of a â€Å"typewriter† (41), that which has been used to propagate racial hatred, to expose the injustice of the government’s wartime proceedings. Emily â€Å"aim[s] for the heart† (41) in an attempt to arouse compassionate human instincts that have been destroyed by modern propaganda. Thus, Emily transforms modernity’s instruments of oppression into the progressive instruments of liberation and social justice. The critique of modernity is delivered differently in the two texts: â€Å"Anglosaxon Street† satirizes the banality of modern living through a tone of playful humor, while Obasan presents the ultimate savagery of a modern society through the vehement depiction of its cruelty. â€Å"Anglosaxon Street† is a piece of social satire that aims to poke fun and provoke wry laughter at modernityâ₠¬â„¢s mediocrity, while Obasan is an unadulterated tragedy that seeks to evoke human sympathy toward those who suffer under modernity’s plight. The society in Obasan is an extreme representation of that in â€Å"Anglosaxon Street,† which shows that the fictional Anglosaxon Street could itself turn into a fiendish society as monstrous as the xenophobic world in Obasan. What truly distinguishes these two texts is the spirit of hope in Obasan that is depicted through Emily’s unbending efforts to employ modernity’s instruments toward a positive end. Emily’s efforts introduce a fresh ray of hope and optimism into the grim picture of Obasan, in contrast to the intellectual sterility of â€Å"Anglosaxon Street,† where no intellectual resistance appears in sight. However, the spirit of hope in Obasan shows that even Birney’s Anglosaxon Street is not beyond redemption: it, too, could be redeemed through active human resistance against the abus ive employment of modernity. Works CitedAichinger, Peter. Earle Birney. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1979.Birney, Earle. â€Å"Anglosaxon Street.† Canadian Literature in English: Texts and Context, Volume II. Ed. Laura Moss and Cynthia Sugars. Toronto: Pearson Education Canada, 2009. 114-116.Kogawa, Joy. Obasan. Toronto: Penguin Group, 2003.

The New England Anti Vivisection Society - 1519 Words

â€Å"Would we imprison our children in cages too small for them to move? Would we violate our sisters and steal their babies? Would we deliberately infect our friends with diseases and leave them untreated? Of course not so why would we do the same to animals? We must abandon the archaic and incorrect boundary of â€Å"human,† which we use to justify the ongoing massacre of billions of beings (PETA)†. According to the New England Anti-Vivisection Society, â€Å"There is an estimate of 100 million animals that are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in laboratory testing every year. â€Å"Most animals in laboratories never will experience fresh air or sunshine, only bars and concrete sound more like a prison well that’s just the beginning of what animal’s experience. There are few facilities that provide some outside caging, and they typically rotate the animals, giving them limited and infrequent amounts of time outdoors. Standard lab conditions, suc h as small, crowded cages, lack of enrichment, loud noises, and bright lights are all known to create stress in animals. When it comes to animals and their rights, there is a fine line between our needs and taking advantage of these animals just because we consider them to be inferior (NEAVS).† There are approximately 2,900 animals that are abused, and tortured and eventually killed every single hour. Millions of animals each year live in terrible conditions and are forced to endure inhumane treatment all in the name of research. Here are onlyShow MoreRelatedAwa Case Study1174 Words   |  5 Pagesinspector will visit every month for another year. For a third offence the facility is shut down and the company that owns the facility will owe $50.000. The money companies pay will be split between the USDA, animal shelters, and toward research for new ways to test products. The USDA will get 40% of each fine to help pay their employees. Animal shelters will get 30% to keep them open and help house the animals that are taken from the facilities that violated the laws. The last 30% will go toward aRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Rights1601 Words   |  7 Pagescalled Elixir Sulfanilamide. When the medicine was released the company was unaware that the substance was harmful because the drug was not tested, causing more than one hundred people to died. After this accident the government made animal testing of new drugs mandatory. In the twentieth century, animal experimentation was performed on a variety of species, including dogs, cats, pigs, and monkeys. The main source was the primates because it was believed that they were valuable test subjects becauseRead MoreRight For Hunt Vs. Animal Rights955 Words   |  4 PagesEvery year in the U.S., over 25 million animals are used in biomedical experimentation, product and cosmetic testing, and science education. In a piece published by the New England Anti-Vivisection Society, Harm and Suffering, addresses the institutionalized abuse animals face through vivisection. The New England Anti-Vivisection Society (NEAVS) is a national animal advocacy organization based in Boston, Massachusetts. It is dedicated to the ending of the use of animals in study and testing. Those attractedRead MoreMedical Research On Animal Testing1736 Words   |  7 PagesErasistratus. What exactly is medical research on animals? When we take a deeper look into the experiment that are preformed we can conclude that animals are a living model of humans in these laboratories. It is a necessity to harm and test animals with new drugs in order to market them in the medical industry to aid human illnesses. In order to better comprehend and regulate drugs one must understand what medical research on animals is described as and its benefits to pharmaceutical companies for humansRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1578 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the New England Anti-Vivisection Society on their research from Harm and Suffering, â€Å"[e]very year in the U.S., over 25 million animals are used in biomedical experimentation, product and cosmetic testing, and science education.† Animal testing has been traced back to Aristotle and Erasistratus who according to Rachel Hajar from Animal Testing and M edicine, â€Å"[were] [e]arly Greek physician-scientists† that have conducted animal experiments. Another physician who has performed animal experimentationsRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1056 Words   |  5 Pages When using cosmetics or common house cleaning products many do not realize that they are supporting animal cruelty. 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Soon after t hat, the anti-vivisection campaign became strong enough and pressured lawmakersRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned2223 Words   |  9 Pagesanimals, there are better methods of testing consumer products. Scientists have to test the drugs on the animal before they can test the product on humans. If the drug is dangerous or toxic, it could initially harm the animals. Some scientists do a vivisection, which basically means operating on live animals for the purpose of research. This results in injury or even death to the animals. The US Department of Agriculture stated that in 2010 97,123 animals suffered in experiments when not given anesthesiaRead MoreAnimal Testing Is An Act Of Animal Cruelty952 Words   |  4 Pageswalks past their cage. After surviving lives of pain, isolation, and horror, near to all of them will be killed. Although animal testing brings more products and more medical discoveries, it should still be considered an act of animal cruelty. Vivisection—the practice of performing operations on live animals for the purpose of experimentation or scientific research— is one of the worst forms of animal abuse in our culture. Within-laboratory walls, what can occur to animals have no limits. ImagineRead MoreEssay on Animal Research and Testing, Is it Ethical?2175 Words   |  9 Pagesvivisection Animal Research and Testing, Is it Ethical? â€Å"It is a simple fact that many, if not most, of today’s modern medical miracles would not exist if experimental animals had not been available to medical scientists. It is equally a fact that, should we as a society decide the use of animal subjects is ethically unacceptable and therefore must be stopped, medical progress will slow to a snail’s pace. Such retardation will in itself have a huge ethical ‘price tag’ in terms of continued

To An Anthropologist, Food Is The Basis To Social, Cultural

To an anthropologist, food is the basis to social, cultural and biological life, and therefore of the utmost concern to most people (Leng, 2016) however, with the growing population, climate changes and lack of agricultural land we have had to switch our approach to food production. Genetically modified or engineered food has become a heated topic in the media for the past few years as there is not a clear decision on whether their benefits outweigh their concerns. Genetically modified food is a grey area to discuss as there are strong opinions surrounding which tend to be very biased. The difference between genetically modified food and genetically engineered food isn’t explained and the terms tend to be used interchangeably- however,†¦show more content†¦Since 1996, farmers in developing countries have received an extra 70 billion dollars from switching to genetically modified crops as they are able to produce a higher yield (Staropoli, 2016). Globally, farmers have reported that on average, they were able to make back over 3 dollars on every genetically modified plant in comparison to traditional crops. However, that 3 dollars was actually over 4 dollars in developing countries in South America, Africa, and parts of Asia (Staropoli, 2016). For example, corn farmers who had genetically modified insect resistant crops claimed to have a 13 percent increase in their yield, whilst cotton farmers had a 17 percent yield in comparison to conventional farmers (Lendman, 2008). Farmers are able to get a notable yield improvement but at the cost of plant di versity and vulnerable plants. In the last one-hundred years, the global seed diversity has declined 75-90%. The majority of our world relies on less than 20 different crops (Gidding, 2016). This highlights many concerns revolving around genetically modified plants vulnerability and a lack of plant evolution. We continue to lose touch with our wild plants. 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Economics Surplus Changes after Taxation’

Question: Describe about the Economics for Surplus Changes after Taxation. Answer: Production Possibility Curve tends to capture the fictional representation of all possible patterns of production for any particular combination of two goods that can be manufactured by altering the allocation of resources to the production of the goods. From the underlying concept of PPC, the underlying concepts of scarcity and choice may be derived and explained as demonstrated from the below shown graph (Nicholson Snyder, 2011). In the above graph, point a denotes goods scarcity. This is indicated from the fact that point a lies in the PPC exterior. This implies that the current resources available and their utilisation efficiency is not sufficient to suffice production of goods (i.e. X and Y) indicated by the point. Therefore, scarcity is present although it is possible that this may not be present in the future as the PPC curve may enhance to cover the point a also (Mankiw, 2014). The points b and c adequately reflect on the underlying choice possessed since the available resources could be used in either the manner indicated by b or c thus resulting in differential production of X and Y goods. Choice may be captured by the various points that lie on the PPC as each present an alternative manner for resource usage. Decision needs to be made to choose one amongst these choices which best presents the national interests (Krugman Wells, 2013). The economic system choice is dependent on below mentioned factors (Dombusch, Fischer Startz, 2012). Historical Evolution: The economic system prevalent in the country is driven by the ideals and political philosophy of the prominent leaders involved in independence or modern nation building along with the prevailing circumstances at that time. This is evident from socialism which is essentially a past legacy. Market forces penetration Mature and markets with deep penetration are required for capitalism to function. The availability of the same is typically limited to only the developed nations and therefore capitalism tends to be more common in developed economies, Responsibility of state The state based on the underlying development status and national priorities tends to decide which system would be more suitable particularly keeping amount of state intervention in mind. The differences between the economies of China and Australia are illustrated below (Russet, 2015). In terms of size, Chinas economy is very larger in size compared to Australia. The economic system prevalent in both countries is different. While China has a socialist system in place, Australia is an example of capitalist economy. The sectoral distribution to the GDP is different in both nations. China is manufacturing driven while Australia is services driven. The development status of the both economies is different due to per capita income variations. Australia is a developed economy as it has a high per capita income while China with a lower value of per capita income is developing nation. 2. (i) In line with the information given, it is apparent that on account of technological breakthrough, there has been a decrease in the manufacturing cost of the solar powered vehicles. Due to a decrease in the costs, the supply curve would experience a rightward shift captured in the graph below (Pindyck Rubinfeld, 2001). The shift in the supply curve would lead to the equilibrium price of these vehicles decreasing coupled with increase in equilibrium quantity. (ii) Both electric vehicles and solar powered vehicles offer clean alternatives to conventional vehicles and hence would be considered substitutes. As is evident from the above, there has been an increase in equilibrium quantity of solar powered vehicles. Due to increase in quantity consumed for solar vehicles, the electric vehicles demand will be lowered as reflected in the graph shown below (Mankiw, 2012). As indicated in the graph, there would a reduction is equilibrium quantity and equilibrium price with regards to electric vehicles. The government has proposed to fix a minimum price for solar powered vehicles at a price lesser than equilibrium price with the intention of spurring demand of such vehicles. However, this plan may backfire by causing a demand supply mismatch. This is quite possible since at a lower price, the manufacturers may not be able to meet their expense or keep their desired profit margins. As a result, there would a decrease in number of suppliers which may decrease the supply and lead to a situation where the governments purpose is defeated. Thus, an alternative measure to achieve the promotion of solar powered vehicles is to provide subsidies to the producers for under-recoveries due to lower selling price in the market (Krugman Wells, 2013). The subsidies level should be fixed keeping in mind that the manufacturers should have a decent profit margin 3. Producer surplus tends to capture the gap between the price expectations of the producer for a given product and the price actually obtained. Consumer surplus tends to capture the gap between the maximum price that customers would pay for a given product and the price actually paid (Pindyck Rubinfeld, 2001). As per the question, the government has levied tax on radios, the impact of which is reflected below. Due to imposition of tax (T), there would be an increase in the total cost of the radios which would cause a shift to the left in the supply curve as captured above. The demand curve is static and thus the new equilibrium position is reflected by the point E1. At this new equilibrium point, the equilibrium price has witnessed an increase while the equilibrium quantity has decreased (Mankiw, 2012). It is apparent that the tax burden imposed by the government hurts the buyers and sellers interest. The lowering of buyers interest is apparent from the decrease in consumer surplus as consumers have to pay more for radios and therefore there has been a drop in consumption (Galectic, 2015). The exact impact would demand on the underlying demand elasticity of the radio which essentially would determine how the taxation burden would be borne by buyers and sellers. Further, the producer surplus is decreased as producers have to bear a part in the taxation burden and hence per unit sales proceeds which they are able to get would reduce coupled with decrease in sales volume (Krugman Wells, 2013). Further, it has also been illustrated in the above graph that the sum total of producer and consumer surplus decrease in not matched by the increase in government revenues. Infact, the increase in government revenues is lesser than the producer and consumer surplus decrease. The remaining component is the deadweight loss (shaded area) and is indicative of the inefficiencies as a result of taxation (Nicholson Snyder, 2011). 4. It is known that the price of the ticket has decreased by 10% due to the discount offered by the company. Percentage change in demand (Using Mid-point Approach) for Group A = 1.55)*2/(1.65+1.55)] * 100 = 6.25% Percentage change in demand (Using Mid-point Approach) for Group B = [(1.70-1.50)*2/(1.70+1.50)] * 100 = 12.5% Demand elasticity (Group A) = 6.25/-10 = -0.625 Demand elasticity (Group B) = 12.5/-10 = -1.25 For group A, the absolute elasticity magnitude is less than 1 which points towards inelastic demand from this segment. Hence, due to 10% discount, the revenue would decrease as the % increase in ticket sales does not make up for the % decrease in ticket price. For group B, the absolute elasticity magnitude is more than 1 which points towards elastic demand from this segment. Hence, due to 10% discount, the revenue would increase as the % increase in ticket sales overcompensates for the % decrease in ticket price (Krugman Wells, 2013). (iii) The company should give discount only to group B while no such discount should be extended to group A as is apparent from the above discussion. This would enable the company to maximise the revenue. (iv) With another cinema being opened in the city, it is apparent that demand elasticity for consumers would be impacted. Since the presence of another cinema would offer more alternatives to potential customers, hence the demand elasticity would be hiked. The exact magnitude of increase would depend on how close the substitute can become to the current company in terms of viewer experience and quality. This would erode the capacity of the original company to charge higher price for tickets especially on peak days and time (Pindyck Rubinfeld, 2001). 5. The following table captures the completed cost schedule that is required. Total Product Total Fixed Cost (TFC) Total Variable Cost (TVC) Total Cost (TC) Marginal Cost (MC) Average fixed cost Average variable cost Average total cost $ (AFC) (AVC) (ATC) $ $ $ $ $ $ 0 50 0 50 - - 0 - 1 50 20 70 20 50.00 20.00 70.00 2 50 35 85 15 25.00 17.50 42.50 3 50 45 95 10 16.67 15.00 31.67 4 50 50 100 5 12.50 12.50 25.00 5 50 60 110 10 10.00 12.00 22.00 6 50 80 130 20 8.33 13.33 21.67 7 50 115 165 35 7.14 16.43 23.57 8 50 165 215 50 6.25 20.63 26.88 9 50 225 275 60 5.56 25.00 30.56 The requisite condition for profit maximisation is as follows (Mankiw, 2014). MR (Marginal Revenue) = MC (Marginal Cost) For the given question, the selling price of the product is fixed at $ 35 and therefore marginal revenue is $ 35. Hence, from the cost schedule, it may be derived that at output of 7 units, the marginal cost is also $ 35. Any bid to increase the production further would lower the total profits.] The graphical representation of the variables is as demonstrated below. References Dombusch, R, Fischer, S Startz, R 2012.Macroeconomics, 10th eds., McGraw Hill Publications, New York Galectic, F 2015, Consumer and Producer Surplus Changes after Taxation, Economy and Business Journal, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 322-328 Krugman, P Wells, G 2013, Microeconomics, 3rd eds., Worth Publishers, London Mankiw, G 2014, Microeconomics, 6th eds., Worth Publishers, London Nicholson, W Snyder, C 2011, Fundamentals of Microeconomics, 11th eds., Cengage Learning, New York Pindyck, R Rubinfeld, D 2001, Microeconomics, 5th eds., Prentice-Hall Publications, London Russet, P 2015, Copy of Australia vs China: The similarities and differences of their economies, Prezi Website, Available online from https://prezi.com/nqps6knwa7ic/copy-of-australia-vs-china-the-similarities-and-differences-of-their-economies/ (Accessed on August 16, 2016)