The New England Anti Vivisection Society - 1519 Words

â€Å"Would we imprison our children in cages too small for them to move? Would we violate our sisters and steal their babies? Would we deliberately infect our friends with diseases and leave them untreated? Of course not so why would we do the same to animals? We must abandon the archaic and incorrect boundary of â€Å"human,† which we use to justify the ongoing massacre of billions of beings (PETA)†. According to the New England Anti-Vivisection Society, â€Å"There is an estimate of 100 million animals that are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in laboratory testing every year. â€Å"Most animals in laboratories never will experience fresh air or sunshine, only bars and concrete sound more like a prison well that’s just the beginning of what animal’s experience. There are few facilities that provide some outside caging, and they typically rotate the animals, giving them limited and infrequent amounts of time outdoors. Standard lab conditions, suc h as small, crowded cages, lack of enrichment, loud noises, and bright lights are all known to create stress in animals. When it comes to animals and their rights, there is a fine line between our needs and taking advantage of these animals just because we consider them to be inferior (NEAVS).† There are approximately 2,900 animals that are abused, and tortured and eventually killed every single hour. Millions of animals each year live in terrible conditions and are forced to endure inhumane treatment all in the name of research. Here are onlyShow MoreRelatedAwa Case Study1174 Words   |  5 Pagesinspector will visit every month for another year. For a third offence the facility is shut down and the company that owns the facility will owe $50.000. The money companies pay will be split between the USDA, animal shelters, and toward research for new ways to test products. The USDA will get 40% of each fine to help pay their employees. Animal shelters will get 30% to keep them open and help house the animals that are taken from the facilities that violated the laws. The last 30% will go toward aRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Rights1601 Words   |  7 Pagescalled Elixir Sulfanilamide. When the medicine was released the company was unaware that the substance was harmful because the drug was not tested, causing more than one hundred people to died. After this accident the government made animal testing of new drugs mandatory. In the twentieth century, animal experimentation was performed on a variety of species, including dogs, cats, pigs, and monkeys. The main source was the primates because it was believed that they were valuable test subjects becauseRead MoreRight For Hunt Vs. Animal Rights955 Words   |  4 PagesEvery year in the U.S., over 25 million animals are used in biomedical experimentation, product and cosmetic testing, and science education. In a piece published by the New England Anti-Vivisection Society, Harm and Suffering, addresses the institutionalized abuse animals face through vivisection. The New England Anti-Vivisection Society (NEAVS) is a national animal advocacy organization based in Boston, Massachusetts. It is dedicated to the ending of the use of animals in study and testing. Those attractedRead MoreMedical Research On Animal Testing1736 Words   |  7 PagesErasistratus. What exactly is medical research on animals? When we take a deeper look into the experiment that are preformed we can conclude that animals are a living model of humans in these laboratories. It is a necessity to harm and test animals with new drugs in order to market them in the medical industry to aid human illnesses. In order to better comprehend and regulate drugs one must understand what medical research on animals is described as and its benefits to pharmaceutical companies for humansRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1578 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the New England Anti-Vivisection Society on their research from Harm and Suffering, â€Å"[e]very year in the U.S., over 25 million animals are used in biomedical experimentation, product and cosmetic testing, and science education.† Animal testing has been traced back to Aristotle and Erasistratus who according to Rachel Hajar from Animal Testing and M edicine, â€Å"[were] [e]arly Greek physician-scientists† that have conducted animal experiments. Another physician who has performed animal experimentationsRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1056 Words   |  5 Pages When using cosmetics or common house cleaning products many do not realize that they are supporting animal cruelty. Animal testing is among the most disturbing experiments being done today. Vivisection is the practice of animal experimentation. It can include administering drugs, infecting animals with diseases, poisoning for toxicity testing, brain damaging, maiming, blinding, and other painful invasive procedures. Animal testing has protocols that cause severe suffering such as long-term socialRead MoreImportance Of Animal Testing1726 Words   |  7 Pagesadoption of domestic pets that fueled interest in an anti-vivisection movement, England primarily. Adopting domestic pets culminated in the founding of the Society for the Protection of Animals Liable to Vivisection in 1875. This was followed by the formation of similar groups. Queen Victoria, of England, was an early opposer of animal testing in her country, as said in a 1875 letter written by her private secretary. Soon after t hat, the anti-vivisection campaign became strong enough and pressured lawmakersRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned2223 Words   |  9 Pagesanimals, there are better methods of testing consumer products. Scientists have to test the drugs on the animal before they can test the product on humans. If the drug is dangerous or toxic, it could initially harm the animals. Some scientists do a vivisection, which basically means operating on live animals for the purpose of research. This results in injury or even death to the animals. The US Department of Agriculture stated that in 2010 97,123 animals suffered in experiments when not given anesthesiaRead MoreAnimal Testing Is An Act Of Animal Cruelty952 Words   |  4 Pageswalks past their cage. After surviving lives of pain, isolation, and horror, near to all of them will be killed. Although animal testing brings more products and more medical discoveries, it should still be considered an act of animal cruelty. Vivisection—the practice of performing operations on live animals for the purpose of experimentation or scientific research— is one of the worst forms of animal abuse in our culture. Within-laboratory walls, what can occur to animals have no limits. ImagineRead MoreEssay on Animal Research and Testing, Is it Ethical?2175 Words   |  9 Pagesvivisection Animal Research and Testing, Is it Ethical? â€Å"It is a simple fact that many, if not most, of today’s modern medical miracles would not exist if experimental animals had not been available to medical scientists. It is equally a fact that, should we as a society decide the use of animal subjects is ethically unacceptable and therefore must be stopped, medical progress will slow to a snail’s pace. Such retardation will in itself have a huge ethical ‘price tag’ in terms of continued

To An Anthropologist, Food Is The Basis To Social, Cultural

To an anthropologist, food is the basis to social, cultural and biological life, and therefore of the utmost concern to most people (Leng, 2016) however, with the growing population, climate changes and lack of agricultural land we have had to switch our approach to food production. Genetically modified or engineered food has become a heated topic in the media for the past few years as there is not a clear decision on whether their benefits outweigh their concerns. Genetically modified food is a grey area to discuss as there are strong opinions surrounding which tend to be very biased. The difference between genetically modified food and genetically engineered food isn’t explained and the terms tend to be used interchangeably- however,†¦show more content†¦Since 1996, farmers in developing countries have received an extra 70 billion dollars from switching to genetically modified crops as they are able to produce a higher yield (Staropoli, 2016). Globally, farmers have reported that on average, they were able to make back over 3 dollars on every genetically modified plant in comparison to traditional crops. However, that 3 dollars was actually over 4 dollars in developing countries in South America, Africa, and parts of Asia (Staropoli, 2016). For example, corn farmers who had genetically modified insect resistant crops claimed to have a 13 percent increase in their yield, whilst cotton farmers had a 17 percent yield in comparison to conventional farmers (Lendman, 2008). Farmers are able to get a notable yield improvement but at the cost of plant di versity and vulnerable plants. In the last one-hundred years, the global seed diversity has declined 75-90%. The majority of our world relies on less than 20 different crops (Gidding, 2016). This highlights many concerns revolving around genetically modified plants vulnerability and a lack of plant evolution. We continue to lose touch with our wild plants. In 2014, over 180 million hectares of genetically modified crops were cultivated by more than 18 million farmers in 28 countries (Kalaitzandonakes, Phillips, Wesseler, Symth,Show MoreRelatedFood Preferences and Taboos: an Anthropological Perspective1526 Words   |  7 PagesFood Preferences and Taboos: An Anthropological Perspective Across the world, there is an extensive range of animals and plants of which humans have at their disposal for consumption. Despite this though, many cultures and societies engage in preferences and taboos of which restrict their dietary range. The term â€Å"food taboo† has been used to describe the practice of where people deliberately avoid consuming a food, which is otherwise perfectly okay to eat (Lien, 2004). The question of what makesRead MoreGlobal Science Case Study981 Words   |  4 Pagesrules, regulations, applications and interpretations, required for the maintenance of self-regulating integration of different economic forms, is treated as the necessary thing for a more just world. However, several historical instances and social and cultural contexts have revealed that the sovereign significance of economics has continued to impress us with many surprises, shocks and uncertainties. As observed in the recent global economic crisis during the 1972 global oil crisi s and the 2008 majorRead More Sociology vs. Cultural Anthropology Essay939 Words   |  4 Pagesthat an anthropologist approaches a problem and attempts to solve it is different than a sociologist because of the discerning basis of their knowledge. Some of the research methods require a researcher to be up close and personal with subjects while in other methods the subject don’t even realize they are being observed. From these research methods, sociologists and anthropologists draw conclusions from their observations. Sociological research methods include experiments and social surveysRead MoreWhat Are The Four Primary Types Of Human Adaptation?1685 Words   |  7 Pagesfour primary types of human adaptation? Why has their interrelationship been particularly important for the human species? Anthropology recognizes four primary types of human adaptation: genetic change, developmental adjustment, acclimatization and cultural adaptation. Individuals may develop a successful adaptation with the help of biological evolution. i.e. genetic change, that is caused by the constant environmental stress, experienced by many generations. It is a well-known fact that those who canRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Mixed Blood By Jeffrey Fish907 Words   |  4 Pagesnot uncommon to hear the question, â€Å"What are you?† This seemingly simple question stems from the American belief that individuals can be divided into different biologically defined racial groups. However, anthropologists have long argued that U.S. racial groups are a product of American cultural constructions, meaning that racial groups are not genetically determined but only represent the way cultures (in this case Americans) classify people. For example, in the U.S individuals are classified intoRead MoreKin ship, By Anthropologist Robin Fox1006 Words   |  5 Pages Anthropologist Robin Fox states that ‘the study of kinship is to anthropology what logic is to philosophy or nude is to the art, it is the basic discipline to the subject’. A part of one’s identity comes from the understanding of where they were born and the environment in which they were brought up. These factors provide us with the identity and status of the person. The kin group provides us with sustenance and with social status, which can in turn eventually lead you to a career or a life directionRead MoreThe Culture of Food in America Essay2672 Words   |  11 PagesCulture of Food in America ANT 101 Abstract Food is an essential part of any culture and it serves to show the diversity and unique aspects of different cultural beliefs. In the United States, there are people from diverse cultural groups and many different cultures. These groups possess unique culinary cultures, which add to diversity. This paper explores the different cultural groups present in the United States and their traditional foods. TheseRead More Man the Hunter Revisited1907 Words   |  8 Pagesa group of about fifty anthropologists met in Chicago for a conference that would later known as the â€Å"Man the Hunter† meeting. The meeting contrasted with earlier scholarship and presented a Hollywood approach to the topic of early man, one where our ancestors were strong, powerful, and in control of their environment. Anthropologists Sherwood L. Washburn and C.S. Lancaster (1968), both present at the conference claimed, â€Å"our intellect, interests, emotions, and basic social life—all are ev olutionaryRead MoreA German American Anthropologist, By Franz Boas2136 Words   |  9 Pageshuman behavior in a society was strictly dictated and identified by biological factors. However, a German-American anthropologist, Franz Boas, was one of the first anthropologist that familiarized culture as the prime concept for identifying behavior in a society. To belong to a society, one must be able to follow the rules of the culture in which they find themselves in. Culture in a social group dictates major parts of life, through traditional beliefs and concepts which have been passed down from previousRead MoreRemotely Global : Village West Africa By Charles Piot Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pagespeople as the author discusses a wide range of their culture and history that included houses and the structure of homestead, gender ideology, ritual like initiations, exchange system, and social relations (Piot 178). Piot discredits the Eurocentric analytical approaches that has been used by western anthropologist to analyze the culture of Kabre people. The reason Piot discredits the approach is that it is misleading. The author also provides a critical analysis of concept such as cosmopolitanism

Economics Surplus Changes after Taxation’

Question: Describe about the Economics for Surplus Changes after Taxation. Answer: Production Possibility Curve tends to capture the fictional representation of all possible patterns of production for any particular combination of two goods that can be manufactured by altering the allocation of resources to the production of the goods. From the underlying concept of PPC, the underlying concepts of scarcity and choice may be derived and explained as demonstrated from the below shown graph (Nicholson Snyder, 2011). In the above graph, point a denotes goods scarcity. This is indicated from the fact that point a lies in the PPC exterior. This implies that the current resources available and their utilisation efficiency is not sufficient to suffice production of goods (i.e. X and Y) indicated by the point. Therefore, scarcity is present although it is possible that this may not be present in the future as the PPC curve may enhance to cover the point a also (Mankiw, 2014). The points b and c adequately reflect on the underlying choice possessed since the available resources could be used in either the manner indicated by b or c thus resulting in differential production of X and Y goods. Choice may be captured by the various points that lie on the PPC as each present an alternative manner for resource usage. Decision needs to be made to choose one amongst these choices which best presents the national interests (Krugman Wells, 2013). The economic system choice is dependent on below mentioned factors (Dombusch, Fischer Startz, 2012). Historical Evolution: The economic system prevalent in the country is driven by the ideals and political philosophy of the prominent leaders involved in independence or modern nation building along with the prevailing circumstances at that time. This is evident from socialism which is essentially a past legacy. Market forces penetration Mature and markets with deep penetration are required for capitalism to function. The availability of the same is typically limited to only the developed nations and therefore capitalism tends to be more common in developed economies, Responsibility of state The state based on the underlying development status and national priorities tends to decide which system would be more suitable particularly keeping amount of state intervention in mind. The differences between the economies of China and Australia are illustrated below (Russet, 2015). In terms of size, Chinas economy is very larger in size compared to Australia. The economic system prevalent in both countries is different. While China has a socialist system in place, Australia is an example of capitalist economy. The sectoral distribution to the GDP is different in both nations. China is manufacturing driven while Australia is services driven. The development status of the both economies is different due to per capita income variations. Australia is a developed economy as it has a high per capita income while China with a lower value of per capita income is developing nation. 2. (i) In line with the information given, it is apparent that on account of technological breakthrough, there has been a decrease in the manufacturing cost of the solar powered vehicles. Due to a decrease in the costs, the supply curve would experience a rightward shift captured in the graph below (Pindyck Rubinfeld, 2001). The shift in the supply curve would lead to the equilibrium price of these vehicles decreasing coupled with increase in equilibrium quantity. (ii) Both electric vehicles and solar powered vehicles offer clean alternatives to conventional vehicles and hence would be considered substitutes. As is evident from the above, there has been an increase in equilibrium quantity of solar powered vehicles. Due to increase in quantity consumed for solar vehicles, the electric vehicles demand will be lowered as reflected in the graph shown below (Mankiw, 2012). As indicated in the graph, there would a reduction is equilibrium quantity and equilibrium price with regards to electric vehicles. The government has proposed to fix a minimum price for solar powered vehicles at a price lesser than equilibrium price with the intention of spurring demand of such vehicles. However, this plan may backfire by causing a demand supply mismatch. This is quite possible since at a lower price, the manufacturers may not be able to meet their expense or keep their desired profit margins. As a result, there would a decrease in number of suppliers which may decrease the supply and lead to a situation where the governments purpose is defeated. Thus, an alternative measure to achieve the promotion of solar powered vehicles is to provide subsidies to the producers for under-recoveries due to lower selling price in the market (Krugman Wells, 2013). The subsidies level should be fixed keeping in mind that the manufacturers should have a decent profit margin 3. Producer surplus tends to capture the gap between the price expectations of the producer for a given product and the price actually obtained. Consumer surplus tends to capture the gap between the maximum price that customers would pay for a given product and the price actually paid (Pindyck Rubinfeld, 2001). As per the question, the government has levied tax on radios, the impact of which is reflected below. Due to imposition of tax (T), there would be an increase in the total cost of the radios which would cause a shift to the left in the supply curve as captured above. The demand curve is static and thus the new equilibrium position is reflected by the point E1. At this new equilibrium point, the equilibrium price has witnessed an increase while the equilibrium quantity has decreased (Mankiw, 2012). It is apparent that the tax burden imposed by the government hurts the buyers and sellers interest. The lowering of buyers interest is apparent from the decrease in consumer surplus as consumers have to pay more for radios and therefore there has been a drop in consumption (Galectic, 2015). The exact impact would demand on the underlying demand elasticity of the radio which essentially would determine how the taxation burden would be borne by buyers and sellers. Further, the producer surplus is decreased as producers have to bear a part in the taxation burden and hence per unit sales proceeds which they are able to get would reduce coupled with decrease in sales volume (Krugman Wells, 2013). Further, it has also been illustrated in the above graph that the sum total of producer and consumer surplus decrease in not matched by the increase in government revenues. Infact, the increase in government revenues is lesser than the producer and consumer surplus decrease. The remaining component is the deadweight loss (shaded area) and is indicative of the inefficiencies as a result of taxation (Nicholson Snyder, 2011). 4. It is known that the price of the ticket has decreased by 10% due to the discount offered by the company. Percentage change in demand (Using Mid-point Approach) for Group A = 1.55)*2/(1.65+1.55)] * 100 = 6.25% Percentage change in demand (Using Mid-point Approach) for Group B = [(1.70-1.50)*2/(1.70+1.50)] * 100 = 12.5% Demand elasticity (Group A) = 6.25/-10 = -0.625 Demand elasticity (Group B) = 12.5/-10 = -1.25 For group A, the absolute elasticity magnitude is less than 1 which points towards inelastic demand from this segment. Hence, due to 10% discount, the revenue would decrease as the % increase in ticket sales does not make up for the % decrease in ticket price. For group B, the absolute elasticity magnitude is more than 1 which points towards elastic demand from this segment. Hence, due to 10% discount, the revenue would increase as the % increase in ticket sales overcompensates for the % decrease in ticket price (Krugman Wells, 2013). (iii) The company should give discount only to group B while no such discount should be extended to group A as is apparent from the above discussion. This would enable the company to maximise the revenue. (iv) With another cinema being opened in the city, it is apparent that demand elasticity for consumers would be impacted. Since the presence of another cinema would offer more alternatives to potential customers, hence the demand elasticity would be hiked. The exact magnitude of increase would depend on how close the substitute can become to the current company in terms of viewer experience and quality. This would erode the capacity of the original company to charge higher price for tickets especially on peak days and time (Pindyck Rubinfeld, 2001). 5. The following table captures the completed cost schedule that is required. Total Product Total Fixed Cost (TFC) Total Variable Cost (TVC) Total Cost (TC) Marginal Cost (MC) Average fixed cost Average variable cost Average total cost $ (AFC) (AVC) (ATC) $ $ $ $ $ $ 0 50 0 50 - - 0 - 1 50 20 70 20 50.00 20.00 70.00 2 50 35 85 15 25.00 17.50 42.50 3 50 45 95 10 16.67 15.00 31.67 4 50 50 100 5 12.50 12.50 25.00 5 50 60 110 10 10.00 12.00 22.00 6 50 80 130 20 8.33 13.33 21.67 7 50 115 165 35 7.14 16.43 23.57 8 50 165 215 50 6.25 20.63 26.88 9 50 225 275 60 5.56 25.00 30.56 The requisite condition for profit maximisation is as follows (Mankiw, 2014). MR (Marginal Revenue) = MC (Marginal Cost) For the given question, the selling price of the product is fixed at $ 35 and therefore marginal revenue is $ 35. Hence, from the cost schedule, it may be derived that at output of 7 units, the marginal cost is also $ 35. Any bid to increase the production further would lower the total profits.] The graphical representation of the variables is as demonstrated below. References Dombusch, R, Fischer, S Startz, R 2012.Macroeconomics, 10th eds., McGraw Hill Publications, New York Galectic, F 2015, Consumer and Producer Surplus Changes after Taxation, Economy and Business Journal, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 322-328 Krugman, P Wells, G 2013, Microeconomics, 3rd eds., Worth Publishers, London Mankiw, G 2014, Microeconomics, 6th eds., Worth Publishers, London Nicholson, W Snyder, C 2011, Fundamentals of Microeconomics, 11th eds., Cengage Learning, New York Pindyck, R Rubinfeld, D 2001, Microeconomics, 5th eds., Prentice-Hall Publications, London Russet, P 2015, Copy of Australia vs China: The similarities and differences of their economies, Prezi Website, Available online from https://prezi.com/nqps6knwa7ic/copy-of-australia-vs-china-the-similarities-and-differences-of-their-economies/ (Accessed on August 16, 2016)